Abstract This paper presents the proposition of a set of technical and managerial actions recommended for the management of energy in industry. Economic, environmental, political and social aspects have been putting pressure on the whole society for a more conscious and efficient use and consumption of energy in its diverse forms. Energy-intensive industries show a high energy consumption, they work with processes in severe temperature conditions, residual dissipation of heat and flux of not used residues, always being subject to great environment risks. These large-sized companies offer great opportunities for making energy more efficient, use of co-generation and various other possibilities for a better management and improvement of energetic performance. The research is characterized as quali-quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, presenting a statistical analysis for the questionnaire answers. The energy management practices refer to procedures used for dealing with energetic issues. In function of the interdisciplinary aspect of energy management in the industry, the management practices can be better understood with technical and managerial continuous or frequent actions. A Delphi study for verification of the validity of the proposed technical and managerial actions was carried out together with academia and industry specialists. The results show a favorable positioning, confirmed by a reliability rate among suitable evaluators (IRR - Inter Rater Reliability). The set of technical and managerial actions is made up of reference elements for creation, organization and conduction of an energy management system in the industry.

Abstract Paper aims Work design is being constantly transformed by technology and requirements for polyvalent workers piloting the work system instead of operating it. This paper investigates self-management teams’ implementation and its effects on performance. A Brazilian cosmetics company case study of team development was used as a guidance for this investigation. Originality Consistent connection between team development theory and practice, exploring sociotechnical approach and empowerment best practices. Research method Boxplot analysis is performed over team building stages along with One-way Variance Analysis to test average performance differences among stages’ transitions. Tukey test was sequentially applied to identify its statistic differences in pairs. Descriptive analysis and Analysis of Means are complementarily applied for shop-floor accidents performance assessment. Main findings Team development reached the expected performance over team stages. Forming to storming, though, was the only transition with no performance average gains. Storming to norming was the highest improvement, which meets sociotechnical principles. Moreover, mean of accidents was inferior at performing stage comparing to the overall mean of accidents during the whole project, highlighting additional shop-floor safety improvements enhanced by the new work design. Implications for theory and practice This paper is restricted to a single sociotechnical environment. Therefore, generic conclusions imply further investigation.

Resumo: Os sistemas de medição de desempenho (SMD) vêm sendo muito estudado ao longo dos anos, porém este é ainda um tema muito importante para as empresas e continua sendo objeto de estudo, pois tais sistemas auxiliam na tomada de decisão, permitem o acompanhamento e controle de indicadores e contribuem para a realização da estratégia de negócios e de operações. Os estudos atuais acerca dos SMD, em sua maioria, versam sobre seus conceitos e definições, modelos, frameworks, recomendações para projeto e implementação, entre outros. Baseado em um conjunto de usos para um SMD descrito na forma de papéis para serem desempenhados, este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir as inter-relações entre os papéis de um sistema de medição de desempenho, agrupando-os para então indicar recomendações para o seu uso. Para tanto, um survey foi aplicado à representantes de empresas, os quais puderam expressar seus níveis de concordância para os papéis de um SMD. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de cluster, onde os papéis foram agrupados em quatro grupos e comparados com a literatura existente. Dos agrupamentos formados foi possível indicar quatro principais recomendações às empresas, as quais justificam a adoção dos SMD para atingir resultados desejados.

Abstract: The performance measurement systems (PMS) have been studied over the last ten years, but this is still a very important research topic for companies and it keep being studied nowadays, because such systems help in decision-making, they allow monitoring and control indicators, and to assist business and operations strategy realization. The recent studies on PMS mostly are on reviewing their concepts and definitions, models, frameworks, design and implementation recommendations, etc. Based on a study oriented to PMS use described by roles to be played, this article aims to discuss the interrelationships between the roles of a performance measurement system, to cluster them and to formulate recommendations for their adoption and proper use. Thus, a survey collected and analyzed the perception of business representatives, who are able to express their agreement levels for PMS roles and use. Data are analyzed by using cluster analysis technique where the roles forms four groups, which can be confronted with the findings of related works from PMS literature. From the groups formed, it is possible to indicate four main domains of recommendations: to assure the alignment between strategic management of operations and its performance, promoting and improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the business operations results; to produce positive changes in organizational systems, processes and culture, developing the capacity to manage continuous improvement projects through integrated strategic management systems; to have a customer-oriented design approach; to be orientated and to manage stakeholders’ demands.

Abstract Governments and private companies have increased efforts to identify effective actions for improving energy efficiency in manufacturing processes. The objective of this work is to improve the decision-making process by increasing the quality of information related to energy indicators in the food industry. This research involves developing a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify energy efficiency indicators in the food industry, which serve as inputs for a sectoral evaluation based on multicriteria techniques. The SLR identified six criteria evaluated by food industry experts, which form the proposed basis for evaluating the performance of related sectors. These criteria are: benchmarks, key performance indicators, framework, monitoring, ISO 50001, and information communication technologies (ICTs) in sectoral evaluations. The criteria were evaluated by experts using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which prioritizes the most important food industry issues using an evaluation scale. Weights were attributed to each issue and positioned according to the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate each sector by the identified criteria. The evaluated criteria are applicable to the three sectors surveyed, with emphasis on the beverage sector. Among the evaluated criteria, ICTs were highlighted by Industry 4.0 as a concern for the food sector.

Abstract This paper presents the development of a conceptual map regarding energy management applied to industry. The energy issue is currently of great relevance, especially for the so-called energy-intensive industries related to high energy consumption and their associated environmental impacts. The present research is characterized as a basic, exploratory approach justified by the need to build knowledge on the subject of energy management in industry. The methodology provides for the use of a computational tool called CMap Tools, which assists in the graphic representation of the proposed conceptual map. The conceptual map based on the ISO 50001 standard and on successful energy management practices described in the scientific literature is directed toward a process design covered by the managerial discipline called Business Process Management. The conceptual map is intended to clarify the relationships that are established between the intra-organizational and main external stakeholders involved in an energy management system. Owing to the way internal areas and external organizations relate, the representation structure using a “Spider” is the most appropriate. The work developed presents an energy management system for an energy-intensive industry in a clear (conceptually and visually), orderly, unified, harmonious, and balanced manner indicating the distribution of its elements, and serves as an initial step in the creation of an ontology for this area of knowledge.

ABSTRACT Companies have needs and experience new opportunities to build their structure and align organizational process to achieve energy management with higher priority facing economic and environmental issues. The objective of this paper is to present the design and modeling of the Energy Management System (EnMS) in energy-intensive industries in an enterprise engineering approach, according to the management discipline called Business Process Management (BPM). The design of the process is based on the ISO 50001 standard and in good practices cited in the scientific literature. The methodology is characterized as basic, experimental, qualitative, and oriented according to the BPM development cycle. The process design created in the “should be” format presents a framework based on the Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA) cycle. The process is described in a necessary and sufficient way, arranging activities, actors and roles to establish an energy management process. The key process model of the energy review was developed in the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The design and modeling allows to: analyze the EnMS as a process for understanding the activities; assist decision making; automate processes; enable collaboration; allow alignment of the process with the strategy; support the change and assisting with the evaluation of the organizational potential to implement the EnMS.

Resumo Organizações têm se esforçado para demonstrar à sociedade suas políticas de boas práticas sociais e ambientais e os investimentos socialmente responsáveis têm sido cada vez mais relevantes, fundamentando a crescente criação de índices de sustentabilidade empresarial. Muitos estudos têm sido feitos sobre o ISE - Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial – da BM&FBovespa, para averiguar se a carteira de ações composta por empresas consideradas sustentáveis traz maior retorno aos acionistas do que a carteira de ações de outros índices. Porém, grande parte dessas pesquisas dá foco ao valor das ações como forma de geração de valor e poucos são os estudos que se pautam em análises fundamentalistas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar indicadores fundamentalistas de rentabilidade entre um grupo de empresas participantes do ISE e um grupo de referência, verificando se a gestão sustentável gera rentabilidade empresarial e a forma como criam valor aos acionistas. Os grupos foram comparados e as evidências encontradas, por meio da utilização do teste estatístico t-student, demonstram que, apesar de o ISE possuir uma carteira teórica diferenciada, voltada ao tema social, ambiental e ético, a rentabilidade das empresas que a compõem é semelhante ou inferior à das empresas do grupo de referência. Apesar disso, percebe-se que o grupo ISE apresenta outras formas de criação de valor ao acionista, como menor volatilidade e menor exposição ao risco.

Abstract Organizations have been striving to show society their policies of good social and environmental practices; consequently, they have been increasingly investing in socially responsible actions, one of the reasons for the growing creation of indexes of corporate sustainability. Many studies have been conducted on the ISE - Corporate Sustainability Index - of BM&F Bovespa to verify whether the portfolio composed of sustainable companies brings higher return to shareholders than other portfolios of regular companies. However, most of these researches focus on the stock value as a way to generate value, and there are few studies focusing on fundamental analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to compare fundamentalist profitability indicators between a group of companies that compose the ISE index and a reference group, verifying whether sustainable management improves business profitability, and how it creates value for shareholders. The groups were compared; the evidences found by using the t-student statistical test show that in spite of having a differentiated theoretical portfolio, focused on social, environmental and ethical issues, the profitability of companies that compose the ISE Group is similar to or lower than that of companies of the reference group. Nevertheless, the results show that the companies of the ISE Group have other ways to create shareholder value, such as lower volatility and risk exposure.

O estudo de temas relacionados à produtividade ocupa um lugar de destaque na agenda estratégica das empresas desde a gênese dos modelos de produção em massa. Vários modelos, processos e técnicas vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o propósito de melhorar os atuais níveis de desempenho das organizações. O conceito de produtividade evoluiu de uma abordagem unidimensional para um enfoque sistêmico, no entanto as diferentes técnicas desenvolvidas para a sua mensuração tratam de dimensões específicas. Há, portanto, a necessidade de se integrar tais técnicas em um modelo de gestão pela produtividade sistêmica, o que constitui o principal objetivo deste artigo. Partindo da construção de um conjunto de determinantes teóricos que representam a produtividade sistêmica, desenvolveu-se um processo para a sua mensuração utilizando-se como metodologia a abordagem por processos de Cambridge. Tal processo foi refinado via entrevistas e é ilustrado por um caso de simulação.

The study of themes related to productivity has occupied a special place in the strategic agenda of enterprises since the beginnings of mass production. Several models, processes and techniques have been developed with the purpose of improving the present performance levels of organizations. The concept of productivity has been following an evolution cycle from one-dimension approach to a systemic view; however, the different techniques used for its measurement are designed only for some of its specific dimensions. There is a need for integrating those techniques through a systemic productivity management model, and this is the main objective of this paper. Starting from a set of theoretical guidelines that represents the systemic productivity management model, a process was developed for its measurement using the Cambridge process approach. This process was refined by interviews with experts and illustrated by a case study simulation.

É notável o progresso da humanidade no último século. A grande questão que se apresenta na atualidade é até quando os recursos naturais serão suficientes para atender a crescente demanda imposta pelos atuais modelos de produção. O presente artigo visa reunir informações que fundamentem a gênese de um novo modelo de produção, concebido a partir de uma nova agenda mundial em que a sustentabilidade ocupa uma posição central. Este estudo está delimitado por uma definição de sustentabilidade a partir de visões econômicas, meio ambientais e sociais, bem como na interseção entre as áreas de desenvolvimento sustentável e gestão de operações. A pesquisa realizada é de natureza bibliográfica, fundamentada nas bases de dados que compõem o portal de periódicos da Capes e em técnicas de análise de redes sociais. As redes sociais identificam relacionamentos em termos de palavras-chave e autores, e análises descritivas dos artigos levantados complementam o estudo do que se têm publicado em temas relacionados à sustentabilidade na área de gestão de operações.

The progress of humankind was remarkable in the last century. Nowadays, an important question is being presented: How long will natural resources be sufficient for attending the increasing demand imposed by the present production models? This paper intends to recover information that founds a new production model genesis, conceived through a new global agenda in which sustainability is placed in a central position. The study is delimited by economics, environmental and social visions, besides its connection with operations management and sustainability. The research is classified as a literature review study, based on CAPES research website database and social network analysis techniques. Social networks were used for identifying keywords and authors’ relationships, while descriptive analysis of recovered papers complemented the study of sustainability themes related to present researches on operations management.

This paper presents the approach adopted by a software development unit in order to achieve the maturity level 3 of CMMI-DEV and therefore obtaining better performance. Through historical research and secondary data analysis of the organization, the paper intends to answer the following research question: "Could the adoption of maturity/best practices models bring better performance results to small and medium organizations?" Data and analysis conducted show that, besides the creation of indicator's based management, there are some quantitative performance improvements in indicators such as: Schedule Deviation Rate, Effort Deviation Rate, Percent Late Delivery, Productivity Deviation and Internal Rework Rate

O aumento da complexidade e a dinâmica do ambiente socioeconômico estão fazendo com que as empresas revejam as suas estratégias e práticas relacionadas aos seus sistemas de manufatura. Há um esforço relativamente recente para o desenvolvimento de novos modelos de produção e, para tal propósito, a abordagem baseada em recursos vem sendo revisitada. Este artigo se propõe a identificar os elementos que caracterizam o inter-relacionamento entre a estratégia de manufatura, a estratégia tecnológica e as práticas de gestão do conhecimento. Tendo como contexto teórico os conteúdos da estratégia de manufatura e da estratégia tecnológica de uma empresa, um framework processual para a gestão do conhecimento é proposto. O processo desenvolvido é testado via identificação de elementos críticos para a gestão do conhecimento para uma empresa montadora de automóveis, utilizando-se uma estratégia de pesquisa-ação fundamentada na técnica de pesquisa Cambridge Process Approach. O artigo sintetiza uma discussão acerca do processo de identificação de elementos críticos para gestão do conhecimento, propondo um conjunto de ações de gestão do conhecimento, observando a coerência requerida entre as estratégias de manufatura e tecnológica.

The continuous growth in socioeconomics environment dynamics and the complexity that surrounds manufacturing systems have made companies review their strategies and practices related to their production systems. They have been concentrating efforts at the development of Production Models, and thus the Resource Based Theory has been revisited. This study aims to identify the critical elements that characterize the relationship between manufacturing strategy, technology planning, and knowledge management actions. Based on the theoretical context of manufacturing and technological strategies, a processual framework for knowledge management is proposed. The developed process is tested through the identification of critical elements of knowledge management in an automaker company using the Cambridge Process Approach, an action research strategy. This paper summarizes a discussion of the critical elements of knowledge management in order to propose a set of KM actions observing the close relationship necessary between manufacturing and technology strategies.

Para que a adoção de Tecnologia Avançada da Manufatura (AMT) possa, de fato, proporcionar vantagens competitivas às empresas, faz-se necessário que essas tecnologias sejam selecionadas segundo critérios que considerem aspectos estratégicos. As características organizacionais de uma empresa influenciam sobremaneira o processo de adoção de AMT, de tal forma que se faz necessário desenvolver recomendações para a revisão do projeto organizacional. O presente trabalho propõe um processo para a geração de tais recomendações, através de uma metodologia denominada de "refinamentos sucessivos". Como resultado deste processo de "refinamentos sucessivos" obtém-se um conjunto de recomendações para a revisão do projeto organizacional, baseados em requisitos estabelecidos pelo processo de adoção de AMT. Essas recomendações constituem um conjunto de decisões a serem tomadas acerca do projeto organizacional para adequá-lo às demandas de uma nova tecnologia a ser introduzida, ou seja, a implementação de AMT.

In order for the adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) to provide competitive advantages to the companies, it is necessary to select these technologies according to criteria that consider strategic aspects. The organizational characteristics of a company influence particularly the process of AMT adoption, in such a way that it is necessary to develop recommendations for the review of the organizational project. The present work proposes a process for the generation of these recommendations, which through a methodology called 'successive refinements' produces a set of recommendations for the review of the organizational project, based on requirements established by the AMT adoption process. These recommendations are a set of decisions that may be taken about the organizational project to adapt them to demands of the new technology to be introduced, in other words, the AMT implementation.

A compreensão dos mecanismos de criação de valor na produção de bens ou serviços tem ocupado um lugar especial na agenda das empresas. O renascimento da Teoria Baseada em Recursos é um sinal da intensificação desta busca, em que se procura identificar o papel dos recursos, capacitações e competências na criação de valor nos sistemas de operações. Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo fundamentado no conceito de capital intelectual para articular recursos, capacitações e competências organizacionais. O modelo é construído a partir das definições das variáveis recursos, capacitações, competências e capital intelectual, trabalhando esses elementos em seus diferentes níveis de análise. A estrutura utilizada para a construção do modelo de integração fundamenta-se no modelo do navegador Skandia, apropriando-se das suas dimensões de desempenho para fins de desenvolvimento deste trabalho. O resultado é um modelo que explica a dinâmica de integração de recursos, capacitações e competências para a avaliação da criação de valor na forma de capital intelectual.

Understanding value creation mechanisms for producing goods and services occupies a special place in enterprises' agenda. The renaissance of Resource Based Theory is a sign of this research intensification, which is focused on organizational resources, capabilities and the role of competences in operations systems value creation. This work develops an integration model based on the intellectual capital concept, to articulate resources, capabilities and competences. The model is built using the resources, capabilities, competences and intellectual capital variables definition, addressing them in their different levels of analysis. The structure of the integration model construction used is based on the Skandia navigator model, taking into account their performance dimensions for developing this study. The result is a model that explains the integrative dynamics of resources, capabilities and competences for assessing value creation from the perspective of intellectual capital.

O conjunto de competências organizacionais que uma empresa emprega na realização de suas operações, potencialmente define sua capacidade de realizar uma determinada estratégia de negócios. O presente artigo se propõe a desenvolver um processo para a análise de projetos de investimento baseado em competências. O estudo se desenrola no âmbito das pequenas empresas e se aplica a projetos de expansão da capacidade. A abordagem desenvolvida fundamenta-se na construção de um framework teórico-conceitual, sendo este refinado por um conjunto de entrevistas realizadas com especialistas. Participam das entrevistas três analistas pleno de investimento e três acadêmicos das áreas de gestão estratégica de operações e gestão econômica da produção. O processo desenvolvido é testado em casos de simulação que se utilizam de dados obtidos de três projetos de investimento analisados por um banco de desenvolvimento, no período de março de 2002 a setembro de 2003. Os casos se distribuem entre os setores de manufatura, comércio de serviços. O resultado do trabalho é um processo de análise de investimentos que usa o conceito de competências empresariais para avaliar a capacidade de uma empresa em gerar resultados. O processo desenvolvido vincula recursos e competências à estratégia empresarial adotada, avaliando as condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento da estratégia. O estudo é de natureza exploratória e, portanto, não permite generalizações. Há necessidade de se ampliar o número de simulações e testar o uso do processo com diferentes analistas de investimento. A principal implicação prática do trabalho reside no fato de se propor um procedimento estruturado para a análise de projetos de investimento para pequenas empresas, dadas as dificuldades de se obter informações econômico-financeiras destas empresas. A pesquisa realizada contribui para o desenvolvimento de metodologias para análise de projetos de investimento, fundamentando-se em uma abordagem de natureza estratégica.

The organisational competences that an enterprise uses in its operations potentially define its capacity for implementing its business strategy. The present paper proposes a process for the analysis of investment projects based on competences. The study is focused on small enterprises, and it is applied to capacity expansion projects. The developed approach is based on a theoretical framework refined through a round of interviews conducted with experienced professionals. Three investment analysts and three academics that work in the strategic operations management and economic production management areas participated in the interviews. The developed process was tested in simulation studies using the results of three investment projects analyzed by a development bank in the period of March 2002 to September 2003. The cases are related to manufacturing, commerce, and service sectors. The result of this work is an investment analysis process that uses the enterprise competences concept to evaluate its capability to generate results. The process relates resources and competences to the adopted business strategy. The study nature is exploratory and, in this sense, it does not allow generalizations. It is necessary to increase the number of simulations and to test the process using different investment analysts. The major practical implication is related to the fact that a structured procedure was proposed for the analysis of investment projects for small companies due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate and reliable financial and economic information about those companies. This study contributes to the development of methodologies for the analysis of investment projects based on a strategic approach.

As organizações vêm desenvolvendo um profundo processo de mudança na maneira como concebem e realizam as suas estratégias de negócio. Particular atenção vem sendo dada à gestão do conhecimento, em função do valor estratégico que este recurso pode assumir. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo é determinar o posicionamento de um conjunto de organizações cooperativas em relação à adoção de práticas de gestão do conhecimento. São apresentados os resultados de cinco estudos de caso em um universo de vinte e duas unidades de negócio de cooperativas do Sudoeste do Paraná. O estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento e o teste de um procedimento de análise denominado 'Matriz de Adoção'. Dos resultados, identificam-se a presença de funções e práticas de gestão do conhecimento em todas as organizações cooperativas estudadas, sendo que, em sua ampla maioria, incompletas no que se refere à implantação de um modelo de gestão do conhecimento.

Organisations are developing an in-dept change process on how they design and implement their business strategies. A special attention is given to knowledge management, as they recognize the potential strategic value that this resource could have. This paper presents the results of a research project, which main goal is to identify and represent the positioning of a set of cooperative organizations related to the adoption of knowledge practices. The results of five case studies are presented; they are defined in a universe of twenty two cooperatives business units in Parana South East region. The study presents the development and test of an analysis procedure named 'Adoption Matrix'. Based on results, it is identified the knowledge management functions and practices presence, however, they are incomplete in the sense of a knowledge management model implementation.